Explore the intricate science behind optimizing testosterone and estrogen with Dr. Andrew Huberman. This episode delves into how these crucial hormones influence the brain, body, and behavior post-puberty. Discover the impact of various activities like exercise (resistance and endurance training), sex, and even observing sex on hormone levels. Dr. Huberman meticulously explains the mechanistic links, examining how nervous, endocrine, and vascular system activations regulate hormone networks. The discussion also covers peer-reviewed studies and protocols on how light, cold and heat exposure, and respiration techniques can positively or negatively affect testosterone and estrogen. Furthermore, learn about specific supplements and compounds validated by research to adjust hormone levels, either by altering their binding, directly raising them, or influencing other brain-released hormones. The episode covers optimization within normal reference ranges, along with insights into pheromones, apnea, menstrual cycles, menopause, and andropause, offering a blend of basic science, biological mechanisms, and actionable tools for hormone health.